Noise trading and prime and score premiums

This paper documents that a common element drives the time-series variation of the premium pricing of Primes and Scores. I argue that this common element is noise trading. The noise trading model of Delong, Shleifer, Summers and Waldmann (1990) predicts that returns on assets that are predominantly traded by noise traders will be correlated, since the misperceptions of noise traders are cross-sectionally correlated. Consistent with the noise trading hypothesis, changes in the average premium of Primes and Scores, which are predominantly traded by individual investors, are correlated with both changes in average discounts of closed-end funds and small firms returns. These empirical facts provide additional evidence that noise traders can affect security prices.     

Yardstick and incentive issues in UK electricity distribution price controls

Electricity distribution is a primary candidate for regulation since it is a natural monopoly whose costs it would be inefficient to duplicate in a competitive market. In the UK since privatisation of the electricity industry in 1990, this regulation has emphasised incentives for cost efficiency through the use of RPI‐X price capping applied to 14 regional distribution businesses. The paper examines the issues that have arisen in implementation, including the practice of bench‐marking the operating and capital expenditures of different companies. It analyses how the price set at the beginning of each review period depends on the determination of cost yardsticks, the weighted average cost of capital and the regulatory asset base of the companies. The analytical model is used to evaluate Ofgem's 1999 Distribution Price Control Review and compares it with other European distribution price regulations.     

Market Power,Efficiency and the Dispersion of Systematic Risk

A number of studies have used the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to integrate product market and financial theories of the firm. We reexamine the relationship between product market structure and systematic risk at the firm and industry level. We show that theory yields no testable implications at the firm level. We show, however, that there is a relationship between the intraindustry dispersion of systematic risk and industry concentration which depends on the causes and consequences of concentration. Estimates of the relationship between the intraindustry variance of and concentration for a 1987 cross-section of U.S. industries suggest that concentration allows larger firms to exercise market power.     

Compensation System of Land Takeover in USA and Its Enlightenment to Our Country

According to the amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the 5^th article stipulates governmental entities expropriation of private property in particular land for public purposes, must pay reasonable compensation, and with due process of law. This paper analyzes features of the USA＇s fair compensation system of land takeover, discusses governmental actual process of land takeover and compensation approaching to specific issues. Finally, comparing with serious loss of farmland in our country, four onlightenments are drawn from USA＇s compensation system of land takeover.     

对建立失地农民社会保险制度的思考

随着经济发展和城市建设的需要,城市规模不断扩大和工业化程度的进一步加深,大量土地被征用,失地农民的数量和暴露出来的社会问题也日益增多,建立失地农民社会保险制度已是当务之急。文章提出了问题产生的背景,就建立失地农民社会保险制度的必要性作出了分析并提出了相应的建议。     

究竟该如何革新我国农村集体土地法律制度

我国现行农村集体土地制度存在不少弊端和缺陷,这些问题只有靠制度改革且制度必须法律化才能从根本上解决。改革农村集体土地制度,需要从基本原则入手,以科学确定农村集体土地所有权主体并健全其治理机构为核心,全面革新和完善包括配套法律制度在内的农村集体土地法律制度体系。     

失地农民问题与制度变迁

在制度演进论的框架下分析了农民失地的制度变迁过程,重新分析了被我国学者忽视的失地农民和城市居民作为行为主体参与博弈过程所起到的重要作用,提到了要关注制度执行的效率与结果及失地农民补偿后会带来的社会问题。提出加强制度的执行监管,建立一种平衡机制,达到社会和谐的目标。     

Hypothesis testing and parameter estimation based onM-statistics ink samples with unequal variances

Summary Ink samples with unequal variances,M-tests for homogeneity ofk location parameters are proposed. The asymptoticχ ²-distributions of the test statistics and the robustness of the tests are investigated. NextM-estimators (ME’s) of parameters are discussed. Furthermore positive-part shrinkage versions (PSME’s) of theM-estimators for the location parameters are considered along with modified James-Stein estimation rule. In asymptotic distributional risks based on a special feasible loss, it is shown that the PSME’s dominate the ME’s, and preliminary test and shrinkageM-versions fork≧4.     

Efficient rank tests for semiparametric competing risk models

We consider a semiparametric competing risk model given by k independent survival times. The paper offers an asymptotic treatment of tests for the semiparametric null hypothesis of equality of the underlying risks. It turns out that modified rank tests are asymptotically efficient for certain semiparametric submodels, where the baseline hazard is a nuisance parameter. In addition, the asymptotic relative efficiency of the present tests is derived. A comparison of asymptotic power functions can then be used to classify various tests proposed earlier in the literature. For instance a chi-square type test is efficient for proportional hazards. Data driven tests of likelihood ratio type are proposed for cones of alternatives. We will consider certain stochastically increasing alternatives as a special example. The paper shows how the concept of local asymptotic normality of Le Cam works for hazard oriented models.     

会计监管:依据探析与工具改进

会计监管属于规制经济学研究的大范畴,“公共利益理论”为会计监管提供了基本依据,通过对会计信息失灵原因的进一步分析,章指出“克服市场不完善导致的高质量会计信息需求不足”及“改善契约不完全造成的产权不明”是我国政府主导的会计监管更本质的原因;金融监管是经济监管领域较为成熟、甚为重要的部分,金融监管工具改革的经验体现了现代监管理念的变化,可以为会计监管工具设计和改革提供借鉴和支持。